How do human activities affect ecosystems and biodiversity?

 How do human activities affect ecosystems?

Changes caused by human activities affect biotic and abiotic parts of ecosystems. The changes over the last 50 years have been particularly rapid. Today, the biggest changes are happening in the  developing world. On a smaller scale, trees can be cut down to allow more sunlight into the garden. Trees can no longer provide habitat for birds, insects, and  worms and other creatures that live beneath their roots. Natural vegetation is being removed on a large scale and replaced with plants to make way for food, biofuel production, animal grazing, or even the homes where people live. , nutrients and energy cycles changed. In Britain much of the temperate broadleaf forest was cleared for agriculture to make room for towns and cities.

Today much of the remaining woodland is a tourist attraction. In the United States, much of the temperate grassland is cleared to grow crops. In the Kalahari Desert of Botswana, the Bushmen traditionally live by hunting and collecting desert products .In the Mediterranean, increasing tourism and demand for water are putting pressure on natural ecosystems.

Ecosystem change is often unintentional. For example, human waste (such as household and industrial waste) finds its way into natural ecosystems, and sometimes this waste can accumulate to harmful levels.  Human activities such as crop harvesting  and animal hunting  can unbalance  flows and cycles within these ecosystems. Tree cutting can lead to soil erosion and habitat loss. Lack of shade and moisture in the soil can lead to desertification. Overfishing from the sea can endanger species  and damage food webs. Introduced species Introduced species are plants and animals that live in places where they do not exist in nature. They were introduced intentionally or accidentally through human activity. They often thrive in  new ecosystems, surviving and reproducing better than native species. As a result, native species are unable to obtain the resources they need and their numbers tend to decline. European stars are a good example.100 of his starlings were released in New York in the 1890sToday, North America has more than 200 million of these birds. Their success has destroyed grain and fruit crops and forced out native birds for nesting sites. Native birds cannot reproduce, so their numbers are declining. It should be noted that not all introduced species pose problems. 

How do humans affect biodiversity? Reversing biodiversity lossHumans affect the Earth's biodiversity in a variety of ways, both intentional  and accidental. increase. Historically, the greatest threat to biodiversity has been the way humans have modified natural habitats for agricultural land and natural resources, but as climate change worsens, the impacts on ecosystems will increase. The most important direct cause of biodiversity loss is land-use change (mainly due to large-scale food production), which is responsible for 30% of global biodiversity loss. It is estimated that there are The second is overfishing (overfishing, overfishing, overfishing) of food, medicines, timber, etc., which accounts for about 20%. Climate change is the third most important direct driver of biodiversity loss, accounting for 14% along with pollution. Invasive alien species account for 11%. Some models predict that climate change will be the main cause of biodiversity loss in the coming decades. The impacts of all major drivers of biodiversity loss are accelerating, resulting in a faster pace of biodiversity loss. Increasing demand for natural resources due to population growth, accelerating per capita consumption, and changing consumption patterns will result in the use of more and more natural habitats for agriculture, mining, industrial infrastructure, and urban areas Now The main areas of human activity that cause biodiversity loss include: Deforestation. Tropical rainforests are particularly rich in biodiversity and are being destroyed by habitat loss due to widespread and progressive encroachments such as those caused by urban sprawl Extensive use of pesticides and overuse of fertilizers. Pollution such as that caused by water use in some of the world's largest watersheds is estimated to be threatened by agriculture, with an estimated half of endangered species being threatened by agriculture. Dams and irrigation reduce water flow Spread of invasive species and diseases through trade and travel Changes that define current ecosystems Long-term impacts on biodiversity are not clear, but plastic pollution